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Potential Evapotranspiration Trends and Its Spatial Distributions on the Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2000
Author(s): CHEN Shen-bin1, LIU Yun-fen1, Axel Thomas2
Pages: 990-
1008
Year: 2008
Issue:
6
Journal: Journal of Natural Resources
Keyword: 潜在蒸散; 青藏高原; 潜在蒸散趋势; 全球变化;
Abstract: 气候变化研究主要集中在温度和降水的长期变化趋势及其影响方面,对于控制陆地生态系统和大气之间的质能交换的重要气候因子——蒸散,研究相对较少。蒸散在气候系统中扮演着重要角色,它是多个气候因子综合作用的结果,如日照、温度、风速、湿度等。蒸散也是陆地和大气间能量、水汽传送和气候变化监测的敏感因子。蒸散的变化趋势更能反映气候变化的状况,并对农业生产、流域开发和人民生活产生重要影响。论文分析了青藏高原及其周边的101个气象台站在20世纪后40年Penman-Monteith潜在蒸散(PET)的变化趋势及其空间分布。研究显示青藏高原PET在所有季节呈现减少的趋势,年平均PET倾向率为-13.1mm/10年或年总量的2.0%。在PET整体负的趋势下,1970和1980年代在平均值上的波动幅度大约是在600到700mm范围。青藏高原空间性的趋势分布随季节性波动全年仍保持稳定。PET减小趋势的台站冬春(80%)多于夏秋(58%)。尽管总体趋势是负的,但有些台站PET表现还是正的趋势,最大年的正负PET趋势台站在柴达木盆地的南部,分别是84.8mm/10年和-79.5mm/10年。论文还进一步探索了青藏高原不同气候因子对PET趋势的影响。在青藏高原,风速是影响PET趋势最重要的因子,相对湿度次之,而日照时数的变化作用不明显。由于青藏高原上稳定的日间温度限制了温度趋势对PET的影响。因此,负蒸散趋势被认为与地区性季风环流强度的降低有关,而非日照时间的减少。也就是说,降低的PET趋势显示出与全球变暖情景中预测的水文循环增强相反。由于不均匀的青藏高原气象台站分布,进一步的探索最好增加遥感方法获取没有台站地区的PET数据,以便对整个青藏高原PET的时空分布进行深入研究。
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